AWS Graviton 4 (4th-Gen ARM Server CPU・2024年)（エーダブリュエスグラビトン4）
2024年Q1 AWS発表のGraviton 4・AWS第4世代ARM Server CPU (Graviton 2019年 → 2 2020年 → 3 2021年 → 4 2024年)・Arm Neoverse V2 96 core + 12 channels DDR5-5600 + 537.6 GB/s memory bandwidth + 75%メモリ帯域 vs Graviton 3 + AWS EC2 R8g / M8g / C8g instance + Custom Silicon 60%+ AWS EC2 deployment + $0.05-$0.50/hour pricing・AWS Custom Silicon strategy (Graviton CPU + Trainium AI + Inferentia AI Inference) triad core CPU・Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC competitor のAWS ARM Server CPU。
概要
AWS Graviton 4 は、2024年Q1 AWS re:Invent 2023 (2023年12月) 発表のAWS第4世代ARM Server CPU・AWS Custom Silicon strategy (AWS Graviton CPU 2018年初代 → Graviton 2 2019年 → Graviton 3 2021年 → Graviton 4 2024年Q1) 中核製品。Arm Neoverse V2 architecture (Armv9-A core・2022年Arm Ltd発表のServer-grade Performance core・Apple M3/M4 + Microsoft Cobalt 100 + Google Axion + AWS Graviton 4 等の主要Hyperscaler ARM Server CPUの共通base) 96 core per chip + 12 channels DDR5-5600 + 537.6 GB/s memory bandwidth (Graviton 3 8 channels DDR5-4800 = 307.2 GB/s vs 75%メモリ帯域improvement) + AWS EC2 R8g / M8g / C8g instance variants (Memory optimized R8g・Mainstream M8g・Compute optimized C8g) + AWS EC2 60%+ Graviton deployment (2024年Q4 AWS EC2 internal Graviton instance share 60%以上達成 = Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC dominant share AWS-internal で AWS Custom CPU dominant transition成果) + $0.05-$0.50/hour pricing (Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC 同等価格帯)・AWS Custom Silicon strategy (Graviton CPU + Trainium AI training + Inferentia AI inference) triad core CPU・Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC competitor のAWS ARM Server CPU・Microsoft Cobalt 100 (Azure ARM Server CPU 2024年Q1) + Google Axion (Google Cloud ARM Server CPU 2024年Q2) との Hyperscaler ARM Server CPU race中の AWS leadership position。
主な特徴・仕組み
- Architecture: Arm Neoverse V2 (Armv9-A・Server-grade Performance core)
- Core Count: 96 cores per chip (Graviton 3 64 cores から 50% increase)
- Memory: 12 channels DDR5-5600 + 537.6 GB/s memory bandwidth (Graviton 3 8 ch DDR5-4800 vs 75%improvement)
- PCIe: PCIe Gen 5 x96 lanes per socket
- EC2 Instances: R8g (Memory) / M8g (Mainstream) / C8g (Compute) / Hpc8g (HPC) / Im8g (Storage)
- AWS EC2 Share: 60%+ Graviton deployment (2024年Q4・AWS-internal Custom CPU dominant transition)
- Pricing: $0.05-$0.50/hour per vCPU (Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC 同等価格帯)
- Encryption: AES-256 hardware + Arm Confidential Compute Architecture (CCA Realm) future support
- Process: TSMC 4nm process
- TDP: 250-350W (Server-grade)
- Use Cases: General-purpose Workload + Database (PostgreSQL / MySQL / MongoDB) + Web servers + Java applications
スペック比較表
| Hyperscaler ARM Server CPU (2024) | Cores | Memory | Architecture | Process | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS Graviton 4 | 96 | DDR5-5600 12 ch | Arm Neoverse V2 | 4nm TSMC | AWS |
| Microsoft Cobalt 100 | 128 | DDR5-5600 12 ch | Arm Neoverse N2 | 5nm TSMC | Microsoft |
| Google Axion | 96 | DDR5-5600 12 ch | Arm Neoverse V2 | 5nm TSMC | |
| Ampere AmpereOne | 192 | DDR5-5200 8 ch | Arm Neoverse N2-based | 5nm TSMC | Ampere |
| Intel Xeon 6 (Granite Rapids) | 128 | DDR5-6400 12 ch | Intel x86_64 | Intel 3 | Intel |
| AMD EPYC 9005 (Turin) | 192 | DDR5-6000 12 ch | AMD Zen 5 | TSMC 3nm | AMD |
具体例・対応製品
- AWS Graviton 4 EC2 R8g instance (Memory optimized): Up to 768GB DDR5・Database / In-memory workload
- AWS Graviton 4 EC2 M8g (Mainstream): Up to 64 vCPU + 256GB DDR5・General-purpose
- AWS Graviton 4 EC2 C8g (Compute optimized): HPC / Compute-heavy workload
- AWS Graviton 3 (前世代・2021年): 64 cores + DDR5-4800 + 5nm + 現行AWS deployment
- 競合 Microsoft Cobalt 100: 128 cores + Arm Neoverse N2 + 5nm + Azure Cloud内 Cobalt VM
自作PCでの選び方・注意点
AWS Graviton 4 は「AWS EC2 Customer (Existing AWS Cloud user・General-purpose workload + Cost optimization)」「Database / Web server / Java application (ARM-compatible workload + 40% cost reduction vs Intel Xeon equivalent)」「AWS Custom Silicon strategy alignment (Graviton + Trainium + Inferentia triad ecosystem)」用途のHyperscaler ARM Server CPU。Consumer / 自作PC範囲外・AWS Cloud EC2 instance customer access only・Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC competitor のARM Server CPU position・AWS EC2 internal Custom CPU dominant transition 成果 (60%+ Graviton deployment) で AWS Strategic Custom Silicon dominant position確立 + Intel / AMD vendor dependence回避 + Custom Silicon vertical integration cost optimization。Workload compatibility (ARM-native vs Intel x86_64 emulation) 重要・Java / Python / JavaScript / Go等のIntrinsic Multi-arch language workload = ARM-native deploy可能 + 40% cost reduction vs Intel Xeon equivalent (AWS internal data)・C/C++ binary compiled application + Container deployment ARM-native required (Cross-compile from x86_64必要)・Database (PostgreSQL / MySQL / MongoDB) ARM-native support成熟。
関連用語との違い
- vs Microsoft Cobalt 100: AWSはNeoverse V2 96 core + 4nm + EC2 60%+ deployment・MicrosoftはNeoverse N2 128 core + 5nm + Azure Cobalt VM
- vs Google Axion: AWSは2024 Q1 GA + EC2 60%+・GoogleはAxion 2024 Q2 + Google Cloud Compute Engine
- vs Intel Xeon 6 / AMD EPYC 9005: AWSはARM-native + AWS Cloud exclusive + 40%cost reduction・Intel/AMDはx86_64 + Multi-vendor distribution
よくある質問（FAQ）
Q1: AWS Graviton 4 vs Intel Xeon 6 どちらが優れる？ A: AWS EC2 internal workload + ARM-compatible application + Cost optimization → AWS Graviton 4 (40% cost reduction)・Multi-vendor / Multi-arch / Legacy x86_64 binary dependency → Intel Xeon 6・Customer Strategic alignment (AWS Cloud exclusive vs Multi-vendor portability)。
Q2: AWS EC2 60%+ Graviton deployment 意義は？ A: 2024年Q4 AWS EC2 internal Graviton instance share 60%+ = AWS Strategic Custom Silicon dominant transition成果 (2018年Graviton 1初代 → 2024年Q4 60%+ deployment・6年間でMajority share transition) + Intel / AMD vendor dependence回避 + AWS vertical integration cost optimization 70-80% AWS-internal vendor cost saving。
Q3: Workload migration難易度は？ A: Java / Python / JavaScript / Go等 = Easy (Language Multi-arch runtime auto-support) ・C/C++ Native binary = Medium (Cross-compile from x86_64 + Testing + Container image rebuild required) ・Legacy x86_64-specific binary = High (Application architecture review + Migration complexity)。AWS Graviton workload compatibility documentation充実 + Customer migration toolchain提供。
まとめ
AWS Graviton 4 = 2024年Q1 AWS発表の4th-Gen ARM Server CPU。Arm Neoverse V2 96 core + DDR5-5600 12 ch + 537.6 GB/s memory + 75%メモリ帯域 vs Graviton 3 + AWS EC2 60%+ Graviton deployment + $0.05-$0.50/hour pricing・AWS Custom Silicon strategy core CPU + Intel Xeon / AMD EPYC competitor のAWS ARM Server CPU。