Fortran（フォートラン）

概要\n\nFortran(フォートラン + FORmula TRANslation)はIBM Corporation 1957年4月公開のFortranで、業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language + Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占代表機 + 累計1957-2025年68年継続Fortran Heritage Pro Top独占代表機。Fortran歴史: 1953-John Backus IBM Fortran Concept発表 + 3年Pro Compiler開発 + 1957-04 IBM 704上Fortran I公開 + 1958-Fortran II + 1962-Fortran IV + 1966-Fortran 66(ANSI標準) + 1977-Fortran 77(ANSI標準 + Pro Mainstream) + 1990-Fortran 90(Free-form + Module + Array Operations) + 1995-Fortran 95 + 2003-Fortran 2003(Object-Oriented) + 2008-Fortran 2008 + 2018-Fortran 2018 + 2023-Fortran 2023 + Pro Scientific Computing継続 + Pro NumPy/SciPy基盤 + Pro天気予報/CFD/物理シミュレーション業界Mainstream。Fortran主要機能: (1)業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language(Pro Compiler初代Mainstream + Pro Optimizing Compiler初代 + Pro Programming Language業界出発点 + Pro Mainstream High-level業界Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占)、(2)John Backus主任Architect(1924-2007、IBM研究員 + Pro Founder Pro Father + 1977年Turing Award受賞 + Backus-Naur Form (BNF)発明Pro Reference + Pro Famous Engineer Heritage)、(3)IBM 704搭載(IBM初代Floating-Point Hardware Computer + 1954-Pro Mainframe + Pro Scientific Mainstream)、(4)Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占(累計1957-2025年68年Pro Scientific Computing業界Heritage Pro Top独占 + 天気予報 + CFD流体力学 + 物理シミュレーション + 量子化学 + 業界Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占)、(5)Backus-Naur Form (BNF) Pro Reference(John Backus + Peter Naur開発 + Pro文法記述法 + 業界Pro Programming Language業界Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro ALGOL/C/Pascal/Java等 全Programming Language Heritage継承)、(6)Pro Mainstream系譜(Fortran I 1957 → Fortran 77 → Fortran 90 → Fortran 95 → Fortran 2003/2008/2018/2023 + 累計68年継続Pro Mainstream Heritage)、(7)Pro Optimizing Compiler初代(Pro Compiler最適化革命 + 業界初Mainstream Compiler最適化Heritage)、(8)Array Operations + Module + Pro Modern Fortran(Fortran 90以降Pro Modern + Pro NumPy基盤Pro Reference)、(9)Pro NumPy/SciPy基盤(Pro Python NumPy/SciPy 90%+ Pro LAPACK/BLAS Fortran Base + Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占継承)、(10)Pro 天気予報/CFD/物理シミュレーション業界Mainstream(累計68年Pro Scientific Computing Mainstream採用Heritage)、(11)1977年John Backus Turing Award受賞(Pro Founder Heritage + Pro Famous Engineer Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占)、(12)Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占代表機 + 累計1957-2025年68年継続Fortran Heritage Pro Top独占代表機 + Pro業界History派 + Pro Programming Language派 + Pro Scientific Computing派 + Pro John Backus派 真価発揮。Fortran vs 競合Programming Language比較: Fortran(1957-、本レコード、業界初High-level + Pro Scientific Computing + 68年Heritage)・LISP(1958-、John McCarthy + Pro AI/関数型 + 67年Heritage)・COBOL(1959-、Grace Hopper + Pro Business + 66年Heritage)・ALGOL(1958-、Pro Algorithm + Pro Mainstream影響Heritage)・BASIC(1964-、Pro教育 + Pro Personal Computer)・C言語(1972-、Dennis Ritchie + Pro Mainstream)・Python(1991-、Guido van Rossum + Pro Mainstream Modern)・Rust(2010-、Mozilla + Pro Memory Safe)、Fortran = 業界初High-level + Pro Scientific Computing Top + 68年Heritage、LISP = Pro AI/関数型、COBOL = Pro Business、ALGOL = Pro Algorithm影響、BASIC = Pro教育、C言語 = Pro Mainstream Systems Programming、Python = Pro Mainstream Modern、Rust = Pro Memory Safe Modern。Fortran歴史的影響: (1)業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language + 累計68年Heritage Pro Top独占、(2)John Backus Pro Founder Heritage + 1977年Turing Award + Backus-Naur Form (BNF)発明、(3)IBM 704搭載 + Pro Scientific Computing業界出発点、(4)Pro Optimizing Compiler初代 + Pro Compiler最適化業界Heritage、(5)Pro NumPy/SciPy基盤 + Pro Scientific Computing継承Heritage、(6)Fortran 77/90/95/2003/2008/2018/2023継承 + Pro Modern Fortran進化、(7)Pro天気予報/CFD/物理シミュレーション業界Mainstream採用Heritage、(8)Pro業界History派 + Pro Programming Language派 + Pro Scientific Computing派 + Pro John Backus派 + Pro Optimizing Compiler派 真価発揮。Future: 1957-Fortran + 2023-Fortran 2023 + Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占継続Heritage継続。\n\n## 主な特徴・仕組み\n\n- : 1957-04 IBM、Fortran I\n- : 1924-2007 + 1977 Turing Award\n- : 業界初Floating-Point Computer\n- \n- \n- : Pro文法記述法\n- : 68年継続\n- : Fortran 77/90/95/2003/2008/2018/2023\n- : Pro Modern Fortran\n- : 90%+ LAPACK/BLAS Fortran Base\n- \n- \n- \n\n## スペック比較表\n\n| Programming Language | 公開年 | 主導 | 用途 | Heritage |\n|----------------------|--------|------|------|----------|\n| | 1957 | John Backus IBM | Pro Scientific Computing | 68年継続 |\n| LISP | 1958 | John McCarthy MIT | Pro AI/関数型 | 67年継続 |\n| ALGOL | 1958 | International Committee | Pro Algorithm影響 | 影響継承 |\n| COBOL | 1959 | Grace Hopper | Pro Business | 66年継続 |\n| BASIC | 1964 | John Kemeny + Thomas Kurtz Dartmouth | Pro教育 | 61年継続 |\n| Pascal | 1970 | Niklaus Wirth ETH Zurich | Pro教育 + Pro Mainstream | 55年継続 |\n| C言語 | 1972 | Dennis Ritchie Bell Labs | Pro Mainstream Systems | 53年継続 |\n| C++ | 1985 | Bjarne Stroustrup Bell Labs | Pro Mainstream OOP Systems | 40年継続 |\n| Python | 1991 | Guido van Rossum | Pro Mainstream Modern | 34年継続 |\n| Rust | 2010 | Graydon Hoare Mozilla | Pro Memory Safe Modern | 15年継続 |\n\n## 具体例・対応製品\n\n- : 業界初Mainstream High-level\n- : Pro Mainstream進化\n- : Free-form + Module + Array\n- : Pro Modern最新\n- : Pro Founder + Turing Award\n- : Fortran Base\n\n## 自作PCでの選び方・注意点\n\nFortran歴史Concept学習 + 現代Pro Scientific Computing Workflow例: (A)現代Pro Python NumPy¥0構成: Python 3.13 + NumPy + SciPy(Fortran Base) + Pro Scientific Computing、(B)Pro Modern Fortran¥0構成: gfortran + Fortran 2023 + Pro Scientific Computing Pro Modern、(C)歴史Programming Language Heritage学習¥0構成: Fortran 1957 → Python 1991 → Rust 2010 = 68年Pro Programming Language Heritage学習Pro Reference。Fortran歴史 選択ポイント: (1)業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language + 68年Heritage = 1957-IBM John Backus主導 + IBM 704搭載 + 業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language + Pro Compiler初代Mainstream + Pro Optimizing Compiler初代 + Pro Programming Language業界出発点 + 累計1957-2025年68年継続Pro Scientific Computing業界Heritage Pro Top独占代表機 + Pro業界History派 + Pro Programming Language派 真価発揮、Pro Programming Language派 + Pro Scientific Computing派 真価発揮、(2)John Backus Pro Founder + 1977 Turing Award = 1924-2007 IBM研究員 + Pro Founder Pro Father + 1977年Turing Award受賞 + Backus-Naur Form (BNF)発明Pro Reference + Pro Famous Engineer Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro Founder派 + Pro John Backus派 + Pro Turing Award派 真価発揮、Pro Founder派 + Pro Backus派 真価発揮、(3)Backus-Naur Form (BNF) + Pro Programming Language業界Heritage = John Backus + Peter Naur開発 + Pro文法記述法 + 業界Pro Programming Language業界Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro ALGOL/C/Pascal/Java等 全Programming Language Heritage継承 + Pro BNF派 + Pro Naur派 真価発揮、Pro BNF派 + Pro Heritage派 真価発揮、(4)Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占 + 68年Mainstream採用 = 累計1957-2025年68年Pro Scientific Computing業界Heritage Pro Top独占 + 天気予報 + CFD流体力学 + 物理シミュレーション + 量子化学 + 業界Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占Heritage Pro Reference + Pro NumPy/SciPy 90%+ Pro LAPACK/BLAS Fortran Base + Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占継承 + Pro Scientific Computing派 + Pro Mainstream派 真価発揮、Pro Scientific Computing派 + Pro Mainstream派 真価発揮、(5)Pro Modern Fortran系譜 + Pro NumPy基盤 = Fortran I 1957 → Fortran 77 → Fortran 90(Free-form + Module + Array Operations) → Fortran 95 → Fortran 2003(Object-Oriented) → Fortran 2008 → Fortran 2018 → Fortran 2023 + 累計68年継続Pro Mainstream Heritage + Pro Modern Fortran進化 + Pro NumPy/SciPy基盤継承 + Pro Modern派 + Pro系譜派 真価発揮、Pro Modern派 + Pro NumPy派 真価発揮。\n\n## 関連用語との違い\n\n: Grace Hopper主導 + Pro Business + Pro Mainstream Business Computing + 累計1959-2025年66年Heritage継続。Fortran(1957 + IBM John Backus + 業界初High-level + Pro Scientific Computing + 68年Heritage)後継 + 2年後継 + IBM科学 → 国防総省共同 + Pro Scientific → Pro Business + 業界Top vs Top競合、Fortran = 業界初High-level Pro Scientific Computing、COBOL = Pro Business Computing。\n\n: Dennis Ritchie Bell Labs + UNIX再実装向け + Pro Portable + Pro Mainstream Systems Programming + 累計1972-2025年53年Heritage。Fortran(1957 + IBM + 業界初High-level + Pro Scientific Computing + 68年Heritage)後継 + 15年後継 + Pro Scientific → Pro Mainstream Systems + Pro Optimizing Compiler初代 → Pro Portable Compiler + IBM 704 → Multi-Architecture、Fortran = 業界初High-level Pro Scientific Computing、C言語 = Pro Mainstream Systems Programming Pro Portable。\n\n## よくある質問(FAQ)\n\n\nA: 1957-IBM John Backus主導 + IBM 704搭載 + 業界初Mainstream High-level Programming Language + Pro Compiler初代Mainstream + Pro Optimizing Compiler初代 + Pro Programming Language業界出発点 + 累計1957-2025年68年継続Pro Scientific Computing業界Heritage Pro Top独占代表機 + 業界Pro Mainstream High-level Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro NumPy/SciPy 90%+ Pro LAPACK/BLAS Fortran Base + Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占継承。\n\n\nA: 1924-2007 IBM研究員 + Pro Founder Pro Father + 1977年Turing Award受賞 + Backus-Naur Form (BNF)発明Pro Reference + Pro Famous Engineer Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro文法記述法 + 業界Pro Programming Language業界Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + Pro ALGOL/C/Pascal/Java等 全Programming Language Heritage継承 + Pro Programming Language派 + Pro Founder派 + Pro Turing Award派 真価発揮。\n\n\nA: Pro Python NumPy/SciPy 90%+ Pro LAPACK(Linear Algebra Package + Pro Linear Algebra業界Top独占) + BLAS(Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms + Pro Linear Algebra業界Top独占) Fortran Base + 業界Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占継承Heritage Pro Reference Heritage Pro Top独占 + 累計68年Pro Scientific Computing Mainstream採用Heritage継続 + Pro天気予報/CFD/物理シミュレーション/量子化学業界Mainstream + Pro NumPy派 + Pro SciPy派 真価発揮。\n\n## まとめ\n\n- 1957-04 Fortran、業界初Mainstream High-level\n- John Backus主導 + IBM 704 + 1977 Turing Award\n- Backus-Naur Form (BNF)発明Pro Reference\n- 68年Pro Scientific Computing業界Top独占\n- Pro NumPy/SciPy LAPACK/BLAS基盤継承