一般用語用語集

2024年10月OnePlus発表13・Industry-leading Snapdragon 8 Elite + Industry-leading Hasselblad Triple + Industry-leading 6000mAh+100W + Industry-leading $899 OnePlus 13 Hasselblad performance smartphone 2024。

2024年OnePlus発表Pad 2・Industry-leading Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 + Industry-leading 12.1-inch 144Hz LCD + Industry-leading $549 OnePlus value premium tablet + Industry-leading OnePlus BBK Electronics Android tablet value flagship 2024。

Cryptocurrency Exchange 2026。海外: Binance Spot+Futures+Earn (CZ→Richard Teng・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/取引高)・Coinbase Pro+Advanced Trade+Wallet+Base L2・Kraken Pro+Earn+Custody・Bitget+Bitget Wallet+Bitget Onchain・OKX Wallet+OKX DEX+Web3・Bybit Spot+Derivatives+Copy Trade・Crypto.com+Defi Wallet・KuCoin+KuCoin Trading Bot・Gate.io・Bitfinex+Tether発行・MEXC+Pre-Market Perp・国内: bitFlyer+bitFlyer Pro Lightning・Coincheck (Monex)・GMOコイン+CoinTrade・SBI VC Trade・bitbank・DMM Bitcoin (廃業 2024)・¥0 Free-1-2%手数料、2026年Binance+Coinbase+OKX三強+国内bitFlyer。

Medical Imaging MRI/CT 2026。GE HealthCare SIGNA Hero 3.0T+Architect 3.0T+Voyager 1.5T+Premier+SIGNA MAGNUS 3.0T MRI・Siemens Healthineers MAGNETOM Free.Max 0.55T+MAGNETOM Cima.X 3.0T+MAGNETOM Terra.X 7T+SOMATOM Force CT・Canon Medical Vantage Galan 3T+Vantage Centurian+Vantage Orian 1.5T・Philips Ingenia Elition X 3.0T+Ingenia Ambition 1.5T+MR 5300+MR 7700・Hitachi Healthcare Echelon Smart Plus+Vantage Trillium・United Imaging uMR Omega 3T+uCT 960+・MRI Magnet Field 0.5/1.5/3.0/7.0T・CT Scanner 16/64/128/256/320/512 Slice (Aquilion ONE Genesis 320)+Photon-Counting CT 2024 (Naeotom Alpha Siemens)+Spectral CT・Dose CT-AEC AAEC自動制御・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/台 (¥50M-¥1B)、2026年Photon-Counting CT+3T MRI+SIGNA Hero主流。

Smoke + CO Detector 2026。Google Nest Protect 2nd Gen (Battery+Wired・Smoke+CO+Heat・Voice Alert・¥¥¥¥¥¥)+1st Gen Maintenance・X-Sense SC07 Pro+SD08 Smart Detector・Kidde 7DCO+i9080+P3010CU・First Alert SCO5CN+SCO5CN-3PK+OneLink Safe & Sound・Onelink (Apple HomeKit)・Honeywell XCD CO Detector・Atmos+Aeros (Honeywell)・Resideo Halo+Halo+ Smoke+CO+Voice Alarm・Ring Alarm Smoke + CO Listener・Yale Smart Smoke Detector・Smart Detector Wi-Fi+Z-Wave+Zigbee+Matter・電池式 vs Wired AC+Battery Backup・¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥/台、2026年Nest Protect+First Alert OneLink+X-Sense Smart主流。

Space Rocket 1957-2026。Sputnik 1 (USSR 1957/10/4・初人工衛星)・R-7 Semyorka+Soyuz Rocket (USSR/Russia 1966-2026・Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1 1961)・Saturn V (NASA/北米 1967-1973・110m全長・Apollo 11月面着陸 1969・LH2/LOX 3段)・Space Shuttle STS (1981-2011・135flights)・Falcon 9 v1.2 Block 5 (SpaceX 2010-・First Stage再使用・Merlin 9 Engine)+Falcon Heavy 27エンジン+Starship Super Heavy (2023試験+2025 IFT-9・121m・150t LEO)・Long March 5/6/7/8/9/12 (中国 1970-2026)・H3 Rocket (JAXA 2023+H-IIA 2001-2024+Epsilon S・H-IIB)・Atlas V+Delta IV+Vulcan Centaur (ULA)・Ariane 5+Ariane 6 (ESA Arianespace)・Electron+Neutron (Rocket Lab)+New Glenn (Blue Origin 2025)・Soyuz/Falcon 9/Long March/H3/Ariane 6・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/打上、2026年Falcon 9+Starship+Long March主流。

Movie VFX Studio史 1975-2026 (差別化: 既存VFX Software/AE Toolではなく制作Studio軸)。Industrial Light & Magic ILM (George Lucas 1975 Star Wars用設立・Lucasfilm→Disney 2012買収)+Skywalker Sound・Weta Digital→Wētā FX (Peter Jackson 1993 NZ・Lord of the Rings/Avatar+Avatar 2/3+Avengers/Hobbit/Black Panther・Unity買収2021→2024売却)・MPC Moving Picture Company (1970 London→Technicolor→Mill Film廃止・Lion King 2019/Mulan/Maleficent)・Framestore (1986 London・Gravity 2013 Oscar+Guardians of Galaxy)・DNEG/Double Negative (1998 London・Inception/Interstellar/Tenet)・Sony Pictures Imageworks SPI (1992 LA・Spider-Man Spider-Verse・¥SonyPictures)・Pixar Animation 1986 (Steve Jobs+John Lasseter 100%CG・Toy Story 1995→Disney 2006買収)・DreamWorks Animation 1994+Universal/NBCUniversal・Industrial Light & Magic StageCraft (Volume LED Wall・Mandalorian)+Disney Volume・Cinesite+Method Studios+Animal Logic+Pixomondo・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/Project (¥1B-¥40B)、2026年ILM+WETA FX+DNEG+SPI主流。

Cinema Movie Format 1895-2026。35mm Standard Film (Edison/Kodak 1892+Lumière 1895・4-perf 22mm×16mm画面+Sound Track Optical/Magnetic)・70mm IMAX Film (Robert Bonner 1967・15-perf 70.41mm×52.63mm・解像度18K相当・Christopher Nolan好む)・35mm Anamorphic 2.39:1 (CinemaScope 1953 Fox)・Super 35mm/Super 16mm・Digital Cinema Package DCP (DCI Standard 2005・JPEG 2000+12-bit XYZ Color+5.1/7.1/Atmos Audio・MXF Container)・4K DCP (4096×2160)+8K DCP+HFR High Frame Rate 48/60/120fps (Hobbit/Gemini Man/Avatar 2)・3D Cinema (Real D+Dolby 3D+IMAX 3D)+Dolby Cinema (Dolby Vision HDR+Atmos)+ScreenX 270°+Sphere Las Vegas 16K LED・¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/Print・Digital化費用 ¥0・¥¥¥¥¥¥/Server、2026年DCP 4K HDR+IMAX 70mm+Dolby Cinema主流 (フィルム上映は名画座限定)。

Music Streaming 25年史 2003-2026。RealAudio (1995 RealNetworks Streaming)・MP3.com (1997 違法+合法ハイブリッド)・Napster (1999-2001 P2P 違法・2003年Roxio買収再開)・Rhapsody (2001 RealNetworks・Real Subscription先駆)・iTunes Music Store (2003年4月28日 Apple・$0.99/Track DRM Fairplay・10年で250億曲・Steve Jobs)・iTunes Plus DRM-Free (2007 EMI契約)・Pandora (2000 Tim Westergren・Music Genome Project Personalized Radio・US限定)・Last.fm (2002 UK→2007 CBS買収・Scrobble記録)・Spotify (2008年10月7日 Daniel Ek+Martin Lorentzon Sweden・Freemium モデル・Discover Weekly Algo・約6億 MAU 2024)・Pandora Premium (2017)・Tidal (2014 Jay-Z $56M買収・Hi-Fi MQA→FLAC 24bit Lossless移行)・Apple Music (2015年6月30日 Beats Music買収後・$9.99/月・空間オーディオ Dolby Atmos)・Google Play Music (2011)→YouTube Music (2018統合)・Amazon Music Unlimited (2016)+Amazon Music HD (2019)・Deezer (2007 France)・Qobuz (2007 France Hi-Res 24bit Lossless)・SoundCloud (2007 Berlin・Indie Creator)・Bandcamp (2007 Indie Direct→Epic Games 2022→Songtradr 2023)・JOOX (Tencent Asia)・LINE Music+AWA Japan・Audius (2018 Blockchain・Solana)・¥0 Free-¥¥¥¥/月 Lossless 2026 Spotify+Apple Music+YouTube Music+Amazon Music 4強。

GPUとモニターの表示タイミングを同期させ、画面のちらつきやテアリングを軽減する技術。

Tech Community Forum 30年史 1995-2026。Usenet (1980-1990s alt+comp+sci 階層・comp.lang.c+comp.os.linux.advocacy)・Slashdot (1997 Rob Malda・News for Nerds・スコア+Karma+モデレーション制度先駆・現Operated by Dice→Slashdot Media)・Kuro5hin K5 (1999-2016 Rusty Foster・Slashdot対抗FOSS Editorial)・The Register (1994 UK Tech News)・Ars Technica (1998 Ken Fisher→Conde Nast 2008・深掘り技術記事)・Anand Lal Shimpi AnandTech (1997-2024年 9月終了)・Tom's Hardware (1996 Thomas Pabst→Future plc 2017)・Hacker News (2007年2月 Paul Graham Y Combinator・Lisp製・1日8M PV・No Edit/No Delete制限・スコア=Up Vote-Down Vote-Time Decay)・Reddit (2005年6月 Steve Huffman+Alexis Ohanian U.Virginia・Conde Nast 2006買収→Advance Publications→2024年3月IPO・/r/programming /r/buildapc /r/learnprogramming /r/golang等)・Stack Overflow (2008年9月 Jeff Atwood+Joel Spolsky・Q&A Site・Stack Exchange 2010・Prosus 2021年$1.8B買収)+Server Fault+Super User+Math Overflow・Quora (2009 Adam D'Angelo Facebook元CTO)・dev.to (2017 The Practical Dev)・Lobste.rs (2012 Joshua Stein・招待制)・GitHub Discussions (2020 Repo連携)・GitLab Forum・Discord Server (Game+OSS Project Self-Hosted Community)・Slack技術コミュニティ→Discord移行・Telegram技術 Channel・X(Twitter)技術TL+Bluesky技術圏 (2024-25)・LinkedIn技術記事・Mastodon Fosstodon・The Register+Phoronix Linux・OSDev+OSChina・¥0 Free 2026 HN+Reddit+SO 3強。

Collaborative Robot Cobot 2026 (差別化: 既存Industrial Robotと異なり安全柵不要+人間共同作業)。Universal Robots e-Series UR5e+UR10e+UR16e+UR20+UR30+PolyScope X 2024+UR Studio・Doosan Robotics H Series H2017+H2515+M Series M0617+M1013・FANUC CRX-25iA+CRX-10iA Paint+CRX-5iA・KUKA LBR iiwa+LBR iisy+iiQKA OS・Techman Robot TM AI Cobot TM5+TM12+TM25・ABB GoFa CRB 15000+SWIFTI CRB 1100・Yaskawa HC10DT+HC20DTP+MotoMINI・三菱電機 ASSISTA RV-5AS+RV-7AS・川崎重工 duAro2+duAro CL2 (双腕)・Rethink Robotics Sawyer・Franka Emika Panda+Production・OnRobot Gripper RG2+RG6+VG10・Robotiq 2F-85+3-Finger・Force/Torque Sensor+Vision・¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/台、2026年UR e-Series+Doosan H+FANUC CRX主流 (¥3M-¥10M)。

教育向けプログラミング 2026。BBC micro:bit V2.21+V2 Standard+V1 (旧)・LEGO Education SPIKE Prime+SPIKE Essential+Mindstorms (廃番→SPIKE移行)+WeDo 2.0 (Maintenance)・Sphero indi+BOLT+SPRK++Mini+RVR+ Free Speech・Makey Makey Classic+Go+Invention Literacy・Raspberry Pi Pico 2/Pico 2 W+Raspberry Pi 5 in Education・Adafruit Circuit Playground Express+Bluefruit・Microbit Foundation Microsoft MakeCode+Scratch・Edison V3+Cubelets+Wonder Workshop Dash・Ozobot Bit+Evo・Code & Go Robot Mouse・Bee-Bot+Blue-Bot・Tello EDU・mBot 2 (Makeblock)・¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥/Kit、2026年micro:bit V2.21+SPIKE Prime+Pico 2 W主流。

Computational Complexity Theory 1971-2026。Big O Notation (Paul Bachmann 1894+Edmund Landau 1909-30・Donald Knuth 1976 普及・f(n) = O(g(n))定義)・P Class Polynomial Time+NP Class Nondeterministic Polynomial+NP-Complete (Stephen Cook 1971 「The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures」STOC初NP-Complete概念SAT問題・Cook-Levin定理 Leonid Levin 1973 独立発見)・Richard Karp 1972 「Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems」 21 NP-Complete問題リスト (TSP+Knapsack+Vertex Cover+3-SAT)・PSPACE+EXPTIME+EXPSPACE Hierarchy・P vs NP Millennium Prize Problem Clay Mathematics Institute $1M賞金 (2000-)・Best Algorithm: P=NP真なら現代暗号崩壊・Approximation Algorithm+Heuristic+Randomized Algorithm+Quantum Algorithm BQP・Master Theorem (Bentley+Haken+Saxe 1980)・Amortized Analysis (Robert Tarjan 1985)・Knuth Big-O+Big-Theta+Big-Omega 厳密表記・¥0 学術理論、2026年P=NP未解決+Quantum BQP研究主流。

決済規格+Mobile Payment 25年史 2001-2026。Felica (1988 Sony・JR東日本Suica 2001年11月18日商用化)+SuiCa (Super Urban Intelligent Card)・Pasmo (2007 関東鉄道+バス共通)・ICOCA (2003 JR西日本)+TOICA+manaca+nimoca+SUGOCA+Kitaca・Edy (2001 ソニー→楽天Edy 2009)・nanaco (2007 セブン&アイ)・WAON (2007 イオン)・iD (2005 NTT DoCoMo+三井住友)・QUICPay (2005 JCB)・Apple Pay (2014年10月 米国→2016年10月 日本Suica対応)・Google Pay (2015 Android Pay→Google Pay 2018→Google Wallet 2022改名)・Samsung Pay (2015)・Felica vs NFC Type A/B規格対立→2024年Type Fは日本独自・LINE Pay (2014→2024年4月終了 PayPay統合)・楽天ペイ (2016)・PayPay (2018年10月 ソフトバンク+ヤフー+Paytm Indian技術提携・Origami Pay買収)・d払い (2018 NTT DoCoMo)・au PAY (2019 KDDI)・メルペイ (2019 メルカリ)・Stripe (2010年9月 Patrick+John Collison 兄弟 Ireland→SF・$95B Valuation 2024)・Square (2009 Jack Dorsey Twitter共同創業者→Block 2021改名・Cash App)・PayPal (1999 Confinity→Paypal→eBay 2002年$1.5B買収→2015年Spinoff)・Adyen (2006 Netherlands)・Klarna+Affirm+Afterpay (BNPL Buy Now Pay Later 2020-)・Stripe Atlas (法人設立SaaS)+Issuing+Treasury+Tax・Wise (旧 TransferWise 2011 国際送金)・Revolut (2015 UK・Neobank)・Visa+Mastercard+JCB+American Express+Discover カードBrand 5強・暗号通貨: Bitcoin (2009)+Stablecoin USDC USDT・¥0 Free-¥¥/取引手数料 2026 PayPay+Suica+Apple Pay+Stripe主流。

Search Engine History 1990-2026。Archie (1990年9月 Alan Emtage McGill・FTPファイル名検索初Search Engine)→Veronica+Jughead (Gopher検索)→Wandex (1993年6月 World Wide Web Wanderer初Web Crawler)→ALIWEB (1993 Martijn Koster)→Excite (1995 Stanford)・Yahoo Directory (1994年1月 Jerry Yang+David Filo・Stanford)・Lycos (1994年5月 CMU)・Infoseek (1994)・AltaVista (1995年12月15日 DEC・自然文Search初・Babel Fish・Largest Index)・HotBot+Inktomi (1996)・Ask Jeeves+Ask.com (1996)・Northern Light (1997・Cluster Search)・Google (1998年9月4日 Larry Page+Sergey Brin Stanford・PageRank Algorithm Stanford大論文1996・Garage Susan Wojcicki)・Naver (1999 韓国 NHN)・Baidu (2000 中国 Robin Li)・Yandex (1997 Russia)・MSN Search→Live Search (2006)→Bing (2009年5月28日)・DuckDuckGo (2008・Privacy)・Yahoo Japan (1996・Yahoo!提携→Bing 2010-2025→Google 2024年検索結果切替)・Mojeek+Brave Search+Kagi+Marginalia (Independent Index)・Algolia+Meilisearch+Typesense (Site Search)・Elastic ElasticSearch+OpenSearch・Google PageRank→Hummingbird (2013)→RankBrain ML (2015)→BERT (2019)→MUM (2021)→Helpful Content Update (2022)→SGE Search Generative Experience (2023)→AI Overviews (2024年5月)・Perplexity AI (2022 LLM Search)・SearchGPT (2024 OpenAI)・¥0 Free 2026。

海外ガジェット個人輸入 2026。Banggood (中国・ガジェット中心・¥0送料 New Year+IH Codeセール)・AliExpress (Alibaba傘下・SuperDeal+Choice Direct)・GeekBuying・GearBest (廃業 2022→旧)・Newegg (PC parts US)+Newegg International・B&H Photo (Pro Photo/Video US・送料無料$199+)・Adorama・Sweetwater (Pro Audio US)・Thomann (Pro Music EU・送料無料€199+)・FLEMISCH+CamelCamelCamel・Discogs (Vinyl)・StockX (Limited Sneaker)・US Forwarder (MyUS+Shipito+Stackry)・PayPal+クレカ+UnionPay・関税15-30%+10%消費税 (¥16,666超)・¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥/オーダー、2026年AliExpress Choice+B&H+Thomann主流。

Photonic Computing 2018-2026 (差別化: 既存Neuromorphic AI Chipと異なり光導波路Photonic Tensor Core軸)。原理: Silicon Photonics MZI Mach-Zehnder Interferometer+MRR Microring Resonator+Optical Phase Change Material PCM・行列乗算 Optical Domain処理 (Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM)・Lightmatter (MIT 2017 Spin-out・Envise+Passage Wafer-Scale Optical Interconnect+Idiom AI Chip)+Series D $400M 2024・Lightelligence (中国+Boston・Photonic Tensor Engine PTE Hummingbird+Phoenix-1 Datacenter)・PsiQuantum (Silicon Photonic Quantum Computer・Million Qubits目標 2027 Brisbane Australia+Chicago)・Q.ANT (Stuttgart Germany Lithium Niobate)・Salience Labs (Oxford Spinoff・PCM)・Cognifiber+NeuroBlade Photonic LLM Inference・XANADU Photonic Quantum (Toronto)・Luminous Computing (Hyperion AI Chip)・Black Semiconductor (Germany Graphene Photonic)・Anatech Aerial Light Computing・Wafer-Scale Optics+Co-Packaged Optics CPO 2024+TSMC+NVIDIA・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/Wafer (R&D段階)、2026年Lightmatter+Lightelligence+PsiQuantum+Q.ANT先行 (商用化2026-2030)。

Aviation Avionics Glass Cockpit Fly-by-Wire 1903-2026。Wright Flyer (1903・初動力飛行・40m)・Douglas DC-3 1936旅客機標準・Boeing 707 1958ジェット時代・Airbus A300 1972+A320 Family 1987 (Fly-by-Wire FBW世界初実用化)+A350 XWB+A380 Superjumbo・Boeing 737 MAX+747 Jumbo+777X Folding Wingtip+787 Dreamliner Composite・Embraer E-Jet E2+E195-E2・Bombardier CRJ+Q400・Mitsubishi MRJ→SpaceJet中止・Avionics: Honeywell Primus Epic+Garmin G1000 NXi+G3000+Collins Pro Line Fusion+Thales TopFlight・GPS+IRS+ADS-B+TCAS+EFIS+EICAS+ARINC 429/664 AFDX+EFB+HUD+Synthetic Vision・FAA+EASA+JCAB認証・Boeing/Airbus複占・¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/機 (¥10B-¥50B)、2026年A350+777X+787+A320neo主流。

Industrial Robot 2026 6軸/SCARA/直交。ABB IRB 6700+IRB 4600+IRB 1200+IRB 6790 FlexArc+IRB 14000 YuMi (双腕)+OmniCore C30 Controller・KUKA KR Quantec ULTRA+KR AGILUS+KR CYBERTECH+KR FORTEC+KR IONTEC+LBR iiwa (協働Cobot系)+KR C5 Controller・FANUC R-30iB Plus Controller+M-2000iA 2300kg (世界最大)+M-410iC+ARC Mate+CR-15iA+CRX-25iA・Yaskawa MOTOMAN GP180+GP280+HC10DT+HC20DTP・KAWASAKI ZX-300S+CX-110L+ duAro2 (双腕)・川崎重工・三菱電機MELFA RV-FR+ASSISTA・川田工業 NEXTAGE・Stäubli TX2-90+TS2-100 SCARA・EPSON SCARA G6+G20・Hyundai HS220+HH-7・Universal Robots e-Series・Comau RACER・Kawasaki RS+CP+BX・¥¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/台、2026年ABB IRB 6700+KUKA KR Quantec+FANUC R-30iB主流。