ソフトウェア用語集

WebAssembly System Interface。WASI Preview 3(2026年Q2・async/await対応)・Component Model・WIT (Wasm Interface Type)・wasmtime・WasmEdge・Fermyon Spin 3・Wasmcloud・Wasix代表、2026年クラウド/エッジ/組込ランタイムで広範採用、Docker Desktop Wasm Runtime統合。

WASI Standard。WASI Preview 2 (Component Model GA 2024-Q1)・WASI 0.2 (wasi-cli/http/io/sockets)・WASI Preview 3 (Async・2025-Q3予告)・Component Model (Multi-Lang Composition)・wit Witty Interface Type・wasmtime 27 (Bytecode Alliance)・wasmer 5・WasmEdge・spin (Fermyon・Stateless WebAssembly)・Wasmer Edge・WAMR (WebAssembly Micro Runtime)・wasmer-cli・¥0 OSS、2026年Component Model本格普及。

WebAssembly Component Model 仕様。Bytecode Alliance 策定の WASM 相互運用標準で、異なる言語(Rust / JS / Python / Go)で書かれた WASM モジュール間の関数呼出 + 型整合性を実現する 2024 年策定の重要規格。

2009年Brian Acton + Jan Koum共同創業WhatsApp。元Yahoo!社員 + Pro Mainstream Mobile Messaging業界Top独占代表機 + 2014-02-19 Facebook $19B買収Pro Famous M&A + Pro End-to-End Encryption 2016 + 累計世界月間Active User 25億+ Pro Reference + 累計2009-2025年16年Heritage。

File Compression Tool 35年史 1989-2026。compress (1984 LZW Bell Labs・初Unix Standard)・PKZIP (1989年2月 Phil Katz PKWARE・MS-DOS・Phil Katz自殺2000年4月)+ZIP Format Standard (RFC ISO/IEC 21320 PKZIP)・ARJ (1991 Robert Jung)・LHA LHarc (1988 吉崎栄泰・Yoshi LHA→LHA→LZH)・LhaPlus (2002 Schezo +S・日本)+LhaForge+CubeICE (Cube Soft)・StuffIt (1987 Raymond Lau Mac→Smith Micro Software 2005年買収・Mac標準)・WinZip (1991 Niko Mak・現WinZip Computing→Corel 2006買収)・WinRAR (1995 Eugene Roshal Russia・RAR独自Format・Trial 40日無期限・神Software)+RAR5 (2013)・7-Zip 7z (1999年 Igor Pavlov ロシア OSS LGPL・LZMA+LZMA2・最高Compression Ratio・現7-Zip 24.09 2024)・p7zip Linux/Mac (廃止 2016)+7-Zip-RC・gzip (1993 Jean-Loup Gailly+Mark Adler GNU・LZ77+Huffman・現Universal)・bzip2 (1996 Julian Seward・BWT Burrows-Wheeler)・xz (2009 Tukaani+Lasse Collin・LZMA2・xz-utils 2024年3月Backdoor事件 Jia Tan→OSS Supply Chain注意喚起)・Zstandard zstd (2015 Yann Collet Facebook FOSS・速い圧縮・現zstd 1.5.6 2024)・Snappy (2011 Google FOSS)・LZ4 (2011 Yann Collet 高速)・Brotli (2013 Google・Web Compression+gzip代替)・Deflate→Deflate64・PPMd+PAQ (高圧縮率)・Apple Compression Framework: lzfse+lz4・Microsoft Cabarc CAB+MSI内部・Tar+Gzip+Bzip2+Xz Tarball (Linux Standard)・Squashfs+EROFS (Linux Read-Only)・¥0 OSS-¥¥¥¥/Lic WinRAR 2026 7-Zip+WinRAR+gzip/zstd主流。

Virtualization 30年史 1998-2026。IBM CP-67/VM (1968 Mainframe始祖・System/360 Model 67)→VM/370 (1972)→z/VM (現役 z16)・VMware Workstation 1.0 (1999年5月 Stanford Mendel Rosenblum・x86 Software仮想・Binary Translation Trap-and-Emulate)+VMware GSX 2001+VMware ESX 1.0 (2001年3月 Bare Metal Type 1)+ESXi (2007・Hypervisor軽量化)+vSphere (2009)+vCenter+vSAN+NSX・Connectix Virtual PC (1997 Mac・2003 Microsoft買収→Microsoft Virtual PC 2004→Hyper-V 2008 Type 1)・Bochs (1994 Kevin Lawton FOSS Emulator)・QEMU (2003 Fabrice Bellard FOSS・KVM accelerated 2007)・Xen (2003 Cambridge Univ・Paravirtualization PV+HVM・Citrix XenServer→XCP-ng FOSS Fork 2018)・KVM Kernel-based VM (2007年2月 Avi Kivity Qumranet→Red Hat 2008・Linux Kernel mainline)・libvirt (RedHat virt-manager UI)・Proxmox VE (KVM+LXC統合 2008・FOSS+Enterprise・Cluster HA)・oVirt (RedHat KVM Manager FOSS)・OpenStack (2010 NASA+Rackspace IaaS Cloud基盤)・Oracle VirtualBox (2007 InnoTek→Sun→Oracle・Type 2 デスクトップ・FOSS)・Parallels Desktop (Mac・Apple Silicon ARM最強サポート)・Hyper-V (Windows 8+ Server 2012・WSL2基盤)・Windows Subsystem for Linux WSL+WSL2 (2017→2019 Microsoft)・¥0 OSS-¥¥¥¥¥/Year Lic 2026。

Issue Tracker+Project Management 28年史 1998-2026。Bugzilla (1998 Netscape→Mozilla Foundation・Perl FOSS・Mozilla+Linux Kernel+Apache+Eclipse・現Bugzilla 5.0 LTS)・GNATS+Roundup+Mantis BT (PHP)・Trac (2003 Edgewall Software Python・Wiki+Issue Tracker+SVN統合 OSS)・Redmine (2006 Jean-Philippe Lang Ruby on Rails・FOSS・Trac対抗・日本でも人気高)・Jira (2002 Atlassian Australia・$10/User 月-Enterprise・Bug Tracker→Project Management Top・Jira Cloud+Data Center+Server終了 2024)→Jira Software+Service Management+Work Management・Confluence+Trello+Bitbucket Atlassian Suite・FogBugz (2000 Joel Spolsky→Manuscript→Maintenance)・Fixx・Lighthouse・GitHub Issues (2008 Bundled・Markdown・Native Pull Request連携)・GitLab Issues (2011 Bundled)・Bitbucket Issues→2022年Issues機能廃止 Jira統合推奨)・Pivotal Tracker (2008 Pivotal Labs→VMware→2024年廃止予告)・Phabricator (2010 Facebook OSS→2021年Maintenance・Phorge Fork)・Asana (2008 Dustin Moskovitz Facebook共同創業者)・Monday.com (2012 Israel Roy Mann)・Trello (2011 Joel Spolsky→Atlassian 2017年$425M買収)・ClickUp (2017 Zeb Evans All-in-one)・Notion (2016 Database統合)・Airtable (2012 Database+Spreadsheet+Project)・Linear (2019年4月 Karri Saarinen Airbnb元+Tuomas Artman+Jori Lallo・Engineer向け Issue Tracker・Keyboard Shortcut Heavy・$1B+ Valuation 2024年)・Height (2020 OSS-friendly)・Plane (2023 OSS Linear-like・India)・Tuleap+Taiga FOSS・GitHub Projects v2 (2022 Project View Beta+GA・Database+Roadmap+Insight Chart)・¥0 OSS-¥¥¥¥¥/User 月 2026 Jira+Linear+GitHub Issues+Notion主流。

Learning+Spaced Repetition Tool 28年史 1998-2026。SuperMemo (1990 Piotr Wozniak Poland・Spaced Repetition System SRS Algorithm起源・SM-2 Algorithm)→SM-15+SM-17+SM-19 (2023)・Anki (2006 Damien Elmes Australia・SuperMemo SM-2 OSS実装・Mac/Win/Linux/Android Free→AnkiMobile $24.99 iOS+AnkiWeb Free)+AnkiDroid Android Free+Anki 2.1.66 Stable・Mnemosyne (2003 OSS SM-2 OSS)・Quizlet (2005年10月 Andrew Sutherland 15歳)+Quizlet Live+Quizlet Plus・Memrise (2010 Ed Cooke→2024年6月マネタイズ騒動)・Lingvist (Estonia 言語学習)・Drops (2017 Discovery Education+Kahoot 2020年買収)・Duolingo (2011 Luis von Ahn・現750M user・Streak文化・Duolingo English Test+Duolingo Math+Duolingo Music)・Babbel+Rosetta Stone (老舗)・Pleco Chinese Dictionary・WaniKani (2012 Tofugu 漢字+語彙)・Bunpo (2018 Japan)・Obsidian (2020 Erica Xu+Shida Li・Markdown Local-First Vault・1500+ Plugin・Spaced Repetition Plugin+Anki Connect Bridge)・Logseq (2020 Tienson Qin OSS Outliner)・RemNote (2019 RemNote Inc・SRS+Outline All-in-one)・Notion+Notion AI+Database Calendar (2016)・Tana (2022 OSS Tag-based)・Capacities (2022 Object DB Note)・Heptabase (2022 Visual Note)・SciSpace+Recall+Glasp (2024 LLM Read+Note統合)・FlashCard Hero+SimpleMind+iThoughtsX (Mind Map+SRS)・Khan Academy内蔵 SRS Mastery Challenge・¥0 Free OSS-¥¥¥¥¥/Year 2026 Anki+Obsidian+Quizlet+Duolingo+RemNote主流。

PC Hardware監視Tool。HWiNFO64 v8.30+ (FOSS+Pro・300+ Sensor)・CPU-Z 2.13・GPU-Z 2.61 (TechPowerUp)・AIDA64 Extreme/Engineer (¥¥¥¥¥/年・Memory Bench+Stress Test)・Speccy・OpenHardwareMonitor (FOSS Maintenance)・Libre Hardware Monitor (Fork active)・MSI Afterburner Monitoring・Asus Armoury Crate・Razer Synapse・Logitech G HUB・¥0 OSS-¥¥¥¥¥/年、2026年HWiNFO64+Libre HW Monitor主流。

Mobile OS 30年史 1996-2026。Symbian (1998 EPOCから派生 Psion+Nokia+Ericsson+Motorola・Symbian S60+UIQ+Series 80+Series 90・Nokia 7650 2002年5月初Symbian Camera Phone)・Palm OS 1.0 (1996 Palm Pilot 1000・3Com・Graffiti手書き入力)→Palm OS 5 (2002 ARM)→Palm webOS (2009 Palm Pre→HP買収→LG Smart TV化)・Microsoft Windows CE (1996 Pocket PC)→Windows Mobile 5/6 (2005-08 HTC Touch)→Windows Phone 7 (2010 Metro)→Windows Phone 8 (2012)→Windows Phone 10 (2015)→2017年廃止・BlackBerry OS (1999 BlackBerry 5810→OS 7 2011→BlackBerry 10 2013 QNX→2022年 Service終了)・iPhone OS 1.0 (2007年6月29日 Steve Jobs MacWorld 2007年1月9日発表+発売・iPhone 1st Gen 2.5G・$499/$599)→iOS 4 (2010 Multitasking)→iOS 7 (2013 Flat Design)→iOS 13 (2019 Dark Mode)→iOS 17 (2023)→iOS 18 (2024)→iOS 19 (2025 Apple Intelligence)→iOS 26 Tahoe (2025年9月 Liquid Glass UI)・Android 1.0 (2008年9月23日 HTC Dream・Andy Rubin・Google 2005買収・Linux Kernel)→2.x Eclair・Froyo・Gingerbread→4.x Ice Cream Sandwich→KitKat→5.x Lollipop→6 Marshmallow→7 Nougat→8 Oreo→9 Pie→10 (Q廃止)→11→12→13→14 UpsideDownCake→15 VanillaIceCream (2024)→16 Baklava (2025)・MeeGo (2010 Intel+Nokia Linux+Qt→廃止 N9 1機種のみ)・Sailfish OS (Jolla MeeGo継承 Finland)・KaiOS (Firefox OS継承 Featurephone)・HarmonyOS (2019 Huawei・OpenHarmony OSS)・HMS Huawei Mobile Services・¥¥¥¥¥-¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥/Phone 2026 Apple+Google 2強+Huawei独自路線。

Subtitle Editor+Caption Tool 30年史 1995-2026。SRT SubRip (1999 Brain Charron OSS・Plain Text Format Standard)→1995 SubViewer SUB Format先行・Aegisub (2005 Niels Martin Hansen FOSS C++・ASS Advanced SubStation Alpha Format Default・アニメFansub Standard・現Aegisub 3.4)・SubStation Alpha SSA→ASS V4+ (Karaoke対応)・MicroDVD SUB+SAMI SMI+TTML W3C+WebVTT Web Standard・SubMagic+Subtitle Edit (2002 Nikolaj Lynge Olsson FOSS・MS Win定番)・Jubler (Java Cross-platform OSS)・Subler (Mac MP4 Native)・Sub Station Alpha 1996 (Kotus・90s Anime Fansub元祖)・MPlayer+VLC埋め込み字幕表示・Subtitle Workshop (URUWorks)・YouTube Auto-Caption (2009- Speech Recognition→Google→2024年AI高精度)・YouTube Studio字幕Editor・Vrew (Vrew.io 2018 Korea VoyagerX・AI自動字幕生成・複数言語Top)・Premiere Pro Captions (2021年Live Caption Generation+Style)・Final Cut Pro Caption (2018-)・DaVinci Resolve字幕Page (2019-・Subtitle Pre-render Workspace)・CapCut Subtitle Auto Caption (2020 ByteDance ShortVideo・初心者主流)・Adobe After Effects Captions・Whisper (2022 OpenAI Speech Recognition Top OSS)+Whisper.cpp+WhisperX→Insanely Fast Whisper・Otter.ai (Live Transcription)・Descript (2017 Audio/Video Edit by Text)・Rev.ai+Trint・Riverside Captions (Podcast)・Subtitle Cat+OpenSubtitles.org (Crowdsourced Sub Database)・Amara (Web Editor Crowdsource)・Trint+Sonix・¥0 Free OSS-¥¥¥¥/月 Pro 2026 Vrew+CapCut+DaVinci+Aegisub OSS主流。

次世代画像フォーマット 2026。AVIF (AV1 Image File Format・AOMedia・libavif・Chrome 85+/Firefox 93+/Safari 16+ Native・JPEG比50%圧縮)・JPEG XL .jxl (ISO/IEC 18181・Cloudinary+Google・Lossless+Generation Loss-free・Chrome 91-110で削除→Chrome 132で再復活2024)・HEIC/HEIF (Apple Default 2017+・iPhone・H.265 HEVC base)・WebP 2 (Google Maintenance)・WebP・AV1 Still Image・Lossless WebP・JPEG 2000 (Cinema Maintenance)・JPEG XR (Maintenance)・¥0 OSS、2026年AVIF Default+JXL再普及進行。

Spreadsheet 45年史 1979-2026。VisiCalc (1979年10月17日 Dan Bricklin+Bob Frankston・Personal Software・Apple II Killer App→IBM PC 1981→Mac 1984→1985年廃止・最初表計算)・SuperCalc (1981 CP/M Sorcim)・Lotus 1-2-3 (1983年1月 Mitch Kapor Lotus・IBM PC独占ヒット・Macro+Database+Graphics統合・1990年代まで主流)→Lotus SmartSuite (Lotus 1-2-3+WordPro+Approach+Freelance Graphics・IBM 1995買収)→Lotus Symphony (2007-13 OpenOffice Base FOSS)・Multiplan (1982 Microsoft 当初CP/M→Mac→Excel前身)・Microsoft Excel 1.0 (1985年9月30日 Mac版・1987年Win 2.x版・1993年 Office統合・1995年 Excel 95→2003→2007 Ribbon→Office 365 Subscription 2024)・Quattro Pro (1989 Borland→Novell→Corel・現Corel WordPerfect Office Bundle)・Apple Numbers (2007 iWork)・Google Docs Spreadsheet→Google Sheets (2006 Writely買収統合→Realtime Co-edit)・Google Sheets+Google Apps Script・Smartsheet (2005 Project)・Airtable (2012 Database+Spreadsheet)・Notion Database・Coda (2017)・Rows (2017 旧 dashdash・Modern Spreadsheet)・Excel 365 LAMBDA function (2021)+Python in Excel (2024 Anaconda統合)+Copilot (2024)・LibreOffice Calc+OpenOffice Calc (FOSS)・WPS Spreadsheet (Kingsoft)・Power BI+Tableau+Looker・¥0 Free-¥¥¥¥¥¥/Year License 2026。

Manga Reader App 15年史 2010-2026。CDisplay (1999 Win Native CBR/CBZ・初Major Comic Reader)+CDisplay Ex (Open Source継続)・Sumatra PDF Comic Mode (Win FOSS)・MangaMeeya (日本 2003-2010)・Honeyview+ComicViewer・MangaToshokanZ・iComics (iOS 2012)+Manga Storm (iOS+Android・OneManga後継)・ComiCat+Bookwalker・Tachiyomi (2015 inorichi GitHub OSS Android・Source Plugin Architecture・MAL+AniList Sync→2024年1月開発停止)・Mihon Tachiyomi継承Fork (2024 Community FOSS継続)・Aniyomi (Tachiyomi anime fork)・Yokai+Yoharu+Komikku Tachiyomi派生Fork群・Paperback (iOS 2018 OSS Free・iOS Tachiyomi)・Suwayomi-Server (Self-Host Web)・Kavita+Komga (Self-Host Comic Server FOSS)・Stash (Adult Self-Host)・公式: 少年ジャンプ+ App+マガポケ+サンデーうぇぶり+くらげバンチ+コミックNEWTYPE+ニコニコ漫画・LINEマンガ App+ピッコマ+めちゃコミック (アムタス)+コミックシーモア (NTT Solmare)+Renta!+Booklive!+ebookjapan (Yahoo)+honto+DMMブックス・Amazon Kindle Manga・MANGA Plus by Shueisha (Global Free)+Webtoon+Tappytoon+Lezhin・Tonari Manga+Toomics+Anchira+Toshokan・¥0 Free OSS-¥¥¥¥/月 Subscription 2026 Mihon FOSS+公式App主流。