Message Passing Interface MPI 1992-2026 HPC並列計算標準。MPI Forum 1992設立 (Argonne National Lab+IBM+Intel+Cray+Convex)・MPI 1.0 1994/5標準化+MPI 2.0 1997+MPI 3.0 2012+MPI 4.0 2021+MPI 4.1 2023・Open MPI (Indiana Univ+LANL+University of Tennessee 2004 Apache 2.0+BSD+LA-MPI+FT-MPI+LAM/MPI Merge)・MPICH (Argonne+Mississippi 1992 BSD・MPI Reference Implementation)・MVAPICH+MVAPICH2-GDR (Ohio State University・InfiniBand+RoCE+GPU Optimized)・Intel MPI Library (Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit同梱)・MPC Multi-Processor Computing+IBM Platform MPI+HPE Cray MPT+Microsoft MPI MS-MPI Windows・MPI Functions: MPI_Init/MPI_Finalize+MPI_Send/MPI_Recv/MPI_Bcast/MPI_Reduce+Collective Operations+Point-to-Point Communication・Hybrid MPI+OpenMP/CUDA・MPI Communicator+Group・SLURM srun+mpirun+mpiexec Launcher・¥0 OSS, 2026年Open MPI 5.x+MPICH 4.x+MVAPICH3 +Intel MPI主流。