Robot Operating System ROS 2007-2026。ROS 1 (Stanford+Willow Garage 2007-→Open Robotics 2012-→OSRA Open Source Robotics Alliance 2024)・ROS 1 Distros: Box Turtle 2010+C Turtle+Diamondback+ Electric Emys+Fuerte Turtle+Groovy Galapagos+Hydro Medusa+Indigo Igloo+Jade Turtle+Kinetic Kame+Lunar Loggerhead+Melodic Morenia+Noetic Ninjemys 2020 LTS (ROS 1最終)・ROS 2 Foxy Fitzroy 2020+Galactic Geochelone+Humble Hawksbill 2022 LTS+Iron Irwini 2023+Jazzy Jalisco 2024 LTS+Kilted Kaiju 2025+Lyrical Luth 2026 (May)・DDS Data Distribution Service Pub/Sub Layer (FastDDS+Cyclone DDS+RTI Connext)・rclcpp+rclpy+rclrs Rust・Nav2 Navigation Stack+MoveIt 2 Manipulation Stack+RViz2 Visualizer+Gazebo Sim/Ignition Sim・micro-ROS Embedded・Real-Time Linux Preempt-RT・¥0 全Free OSS BSD・OSRA保守、2026年Jazzy LTS+Lyrical Luth+Nav2+MoveIt 2+Gazebo主流。